Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Is What Happens to Oedipus Fair Are We Supposed to...

Sophocles uses a mixture of both visual and emotional imagery to create the morally questioning, Greek tragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate. From the very beginning of Oedipus, it is made clear that his destiny be one of fate and worse. The irony is that Oedipus unknowingly repeatedly predicts his own fate: It was I who called down these curses on that man. Oedipus has unconsciously married his mother and killed his father, just as the Oracle predicted. Fate is proven to be unavoidable to Oedipus as the play†¦show more content†¦The Greeks believed greatly in the gods just as this play reflects, this enhances the feeling of being disappointed with Oedipus. He appears to have been reckless: after all, as Oedipus says himself, only a bad man would ignore what the God says. Yet he does: he blames Kreon and Tyressias who informed them of the truth and labels them liars. At every interval in the play, the characters pray to the gods for their help and blessings. This would be appropriate because this play was originally performed at a religious festival. It is only in the gods that the Greeks hold all their faith; they beg them to defend us, give us strength to drive out the pollution. Ironically, Oedipus is, in fact, this ‘pollution and Sophocles again informs the audience that Oedipus fate is irreversible, the gods decisions always there, around him, encircling, tightening. Sophocles uses the chorus to represent the audience and reflect their thoughts and emotions. The chorus is shown to respect and admire Oedipus, saying he was good to the city and therefore they cannot believe that he is evil. It is perhaps because they respect Oedipus so much, and because of their refusal to believe that he has committed any crimes, that they are left so angry and let down by their ruler when they learn the truth: We called you our king and we honoured you. When they learn of his deeds, theirShow MoreRelated Hamlet Essay: The Unlike Characters of Gertrude and Ophelia3420 Words   |  14 PagesShakespeare’s picture of the Queen is explained to us by Hamlet’s speech to her in her closet. There we see again the picture of sin as evil willed by a reason perverted by passion, for so much Hamlet explains in his accusation of his mother:    You cannot call it love, for at your age The hey-day in the blood is tame, it’s humble, And waits upon the judgement; and what judgement Would step from this to this? . . . O shame! Where is thy blush? Rebellious hell, If thous canstRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14194 Words   |  57 Pagesin England: There is a tide which begins to rise in the veins of youth at the age of eleven or twelve. It is called by the name of adolescence. If the tide can be taken as flood, and a new voyage began in the stream and along the flow of its current, we think it ill move on to fortune. 1 2 3 4 Adolescence: A period of ‘Stress and Strain’ Adolescence is typically a time of great stress and strain on the body, mind and emotions. E.A. Peel (1956) is of the view, â€Å"The adolescent is beset by problemsRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 Pagesin England: There is a tide which begins to rise in the veins of youth at the age of eleven or twelve. It is called by the name of adolescence. If the tide can be taken as flood, and a new voyage began in the stream and along the flow of its current, we think it ill move on to fortune. 1 2 3 4 Adolescence: A period of ‘Stress and Strain’ Adolescence is typically a time of great stress and strain on the body, mind and emotions. E.A. Peel (1956) is of the view, â€Å"The adolescent is besetRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice

Monday, December 16, 2019

Tanning Free Essays

Welcome to Four Seasons Tanning, the quintessential consultant for today’s salon owner. From the hottest new arrivals in lotions, to the most advanced tanning beds on the market, Four Seasons gives you everything you need to run a successful salon, and for those thinking of opening a salon. Four Seasons Sales and Service is the one source solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Tanning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Saving time and stress by putting decades of experience to work to help your salon profit. Four Seasons Sales and Service is a professional indoor tanning distributor with over twenty years of industry experience that was founded in 1983 by twin brothers, Ronnie and Johnny Allen. Ronnie’s wife owned a small beauty salon, and she decided to add tanning as an additional business. At that time, they were one of the few individuals in the area with any experience on tanning products and tanning equipment. The business started when Ronnie and Johnny worked on their own tanning beds and began to repair other salons in the area. Before long, they began carrying tanning products to help their clients achieve maximum tanning results, and teaching them how to properly take care of their skin while tanning. This was the largest and fastest growing part of the business. What began as a business promoting products and services out of the back of their truck rapidly grew into a large-scale warehouse operation that expanded to shipping nationwide. Four Seasons Sales and Service also have proven management in distribution of and consultation on tanning products, parts, services, and marketing advantages, while also staying well equipped with first-class investigative, design, and problem solving skills. The Allen brothers always reinvested in the company, and prided themselves on taking care of the heart of the business; their employees. Currently Four Seasons Sales and Service provide approximately two-hundred full time professional specialists that are friendly and efficient, and are dedicated to partnering with salon owners to help them achieve their very best. Four Seasons is proud to be the only employee owned company in the Indoor Tanning Industry. This means that Four Seasons’ specialists and team members have the ability to share in our company’s success. Throughout this paper, you will read and learn about a team of incredibly productive and highly motivated individuals that will settle for nothing less than excellence. How to cite Tanning, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Action Research free essay sample

The English Language dominates a higher prestige in the Philippines just as it enjoys a higher part in the Philippine Education System. Thus, authentic English Language teaching and learning environment should be given a full blast attention naturally and effectively. In this age of globalization, where society is being transformed and is transformed by technology, so too are innovative ways in teaching and learning the English subject. It should be noted that as time flies, the number of Filipino English Language Learners has rapidly increased. These learners are full of hopes and dreams to learn the language of the world that every English subject is accountable for. Yet, he/she needs not to be idealist to expect that by the end of the academic year, learners will be great English speakers, readers, spellers, writers and listeners. There may be some variables that may hamper the learning process however this should not block the goal of English teacher to bring the English language in the open. We will write a custom essay sample on Action Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the spread of English as instructional language and the emergence of technology as a fast learning channel should be mutually enforced. Indeed, technology has revolutionized the teaching of the English subject, as the last few decades have affirmed the role of English as â€Å"Lingua Franca† which means any language for communication between groups who no other common language (Matthew, 2009) from this context, the researcher takes the challenge to lead an action in finding out the most effective way to create a better if not the best intervention material in teaching English subject so as to improve the performance of the students. MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY is the answer. The researcher believes that the ability to incorporate educational opportunities that multimedia technology promises will tremendously be the key ingredients in making it possible for English Teachers to address core educational challenge. Moreover, multimedia technology is utilized for the upliftment of modern styles. It somehow satisfies both visual and auditory sense of the students. With the spread and development of English around the world, it has been learned and used by more and more learners. Nonetheless, multimedia technology applies interactive computer elements such as graphics, text, video, sound and animation to deliver a message. On the wings of change the use of multimedia technology should be a must for English teachers because in using such, pictures and images enrich the content of the subject matter. Through the whole interactive process, it can be visibly experienced that using multimedia is effective in nurturing students in learning the English subject at the same time enhances the teacher’s interest in teaching English. As Zhang (2010) points out, multimedia offers students rich resource materials-both authentic and instructional as well as attractive and friendly interface, vivid pictures, pleasant sounds which to a large extent overcomes the lack of authentic language environment and arouses students intense in learning the English subject. By far English teachers should already give walls to traditional teaching as it only gives the class monotony and boredom. They should try something new and different, something that captivates pupils’ attention and interest and that is MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY. Come to think of this, traditional English teaching allows the teacher spend time on writing the vital language points and important information on the chalkboard. While, with the use of MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY, the class becomes more attentive, more active and the teacher just uses the button and keyboard to show significant content in a few seconds. Moreover with the same courseware, the English teacher does not need to write some notes several times in different classes, hence saving time and energy. The researcher observes that pupils tend to be preoccupied with things not connected with the English subject, thus affecting their performance. Nonetheless, the pupils lack learning competencies especially in their grammar skills, noting details, sequencing events, and getting the main idea from a selection being read. Hence, MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY is highly suggested as it increases students motivation to learn. (WanZek et. Al. 2008). With the above literature, the researcher aims to find out the effectivity of multimedia technology in improving the performance of Grade Six section 5 pupils of Mandaluyong Elementary School. Statement of the Problem This action research seeks to find out the effectiveness of multimedia technology as an intervention tool in improving the performance of Grade Six-5 pupils of Mandaluyong Elementary School. Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What is the extent of performance of Grade Six section 5 pupils before and after the use of multimedia technology? 2. Is there a significant difference between the extent of performance of Grade Six section 8 pupils in their English class before and after the use of multimedia technology? Significance of the Study The primordial objective of this study is to provide complete, balanced and modern concepts on the effective use of multimedia technology. Essentially, the researcher believes that result of this study will be significant to the following people: To the Pupils they will be the direct recipients of the study, they will be more enthusiastic in the English subject upon experiencing multimedia technology in the classroom. To the English Teachers they will have a better understanding on the use of multimedia technology thus enabling them to adopt such tool thereby improving their skills and strategies in teaching English. To the School Administrators this study will be of great help as it will create a milleu of awareness about multimedia technology so that they can assist their teachers on the modern teaching of thupplement classroom activities. e English subject. To the Future Researchers this will serve as a springboard for further research activities on the use of multimedia technology with the purpose of using it to s Conceptual Framework The use of multimedia technology is one effective tool in teaching English. It has to be affirmed that it really enhances pupils comprehension on the subject matter thus improving their performance. Expert and scholars say that multimedia assisted instruction certainly improve learning motivation and attention of learners increases interactivity, satisfies individualized demand and monitors the learning condition of the learner. The researcher will make use of a flow chart that will serve as his road map in coming out with the desired result. It will describe how he will introduce the use of multimedia technology as an intervention material in improving the performance of students in English. The flow chart shows how the result of pre-test will serve as a guiding factor for the researcher to think of the multimedia technology. From this, the improved performance of the pupils should be visibly reflected in their post test. Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

What are the logistical difficulties of the coalition action and what was the medias role Essay Example Essay Example

What are the logistical difficulties of the coalition action and what was the medias role Essay Example Paper What are the logistical difficulties of the coalition action and what was the medias role Essay Introduction On Wednesday the 19th of March 2003, America and England declared war on Iraq. They felt this to be necessary in order to stop Saddam Hussein’s â€Å"Evil regime† as he tells around 4 million people each year, they also thought war to be necessary in order to liberate the Iraqi people. Another reason they felt the need to proceed with this war because intelligence leads the politicians to believe that Saddam has chemical, biological and nuclear weapons of mass destruction which he uses to torture his own people. There are many more reasons for war, for example, Hussein is an evil dictator and has been treating his people badly for over 20 years and Iraqis have therefore been living in fear.Saddam also supports suicide bombers by paying their families large sums of money. Iraq has been committing war crimes for many years now while the world has tried to be tolerant. It is also important to remove Saddam’s power or end his reign before he attacks England, America, or any of the other countries in the United Nations in a form of revenge. U.S troops have found factories where the bombs were made including a chemical plant in the south of Baghdad. This war is also needed in order to make Iraq a democratic country so they can elect the own leader and make Iraqi people safe and stop Saddam from killing his own people, and using their money to pay for their torture and sometimes, their murder.However, many people disagree with the war and they show this by protesting. Most would say the reasons for not going to war greatly outweigh the reasons for war. Here are the majority of them. It would cost at least 19,000 pounds to make the necessary amount of bombs and this could be much more useful resources such as medical or educational equipment. Out of all U.S. military, over 51 have been killed and 14 are missing. Out of U.K. military, more than 12 troops are dead, and over 30 are missing. From Iraqi military, in excess of 1,500 have been killed , of the civilians the figures of prisoners of war that have been killed, injured or missing in action has risen to 5,898,000. Nearly 24,000 were killed or injured by daisy cutter bombs. So far there have been over 10,000 deaths each day. 9 news presenters have been killed, and two are missing. None of these deaths were necessary, they are the result of a war that most do not want, of find to be justified.People think that Tony Blair and George Bush are seeking revenge and probably have a hidden motive for this war. One of these could be that once the war is over, America will have to rebuild Iraq, when this is done, Iraq will then owe the U.S.A however much money they spent to rebuild Iraq. Iraq does not and will not have enough money to do this, so they will probably pay them with petroleum, as they are extremely rich in this source.There are three saying that have been used in protests against this war, The first is†Increase the peace make love not war.†The second is,â₠¬ It is a war of hungry tiger and tied donkey† (Iraq being the tied donkey)And the third is,†Two wrongs don’t make a right†Each of these sayings have a meaning behind them. The first one, I think, speaks for itself, is saying that whatever the situation, we should strive to achieve greater peace rather than retaliate or head for war as a resolution. The third saying tells us that you can not fight an injustice with an injustice, and quoting Martin Luther King,†I truly believe that the eye for an eye method will ultimately leave everybody blind†.Finally the second saying, this has the most meaning of the three as it shows that Iraqi’s have no choice but to fight, even though they will ultimately loose the war, no matter what they do, as they are too weak and they do not have the necessary equipment, soldiers or protection that they should if they were to stand a chance.There is one last very popular saying used in protests against war in I raq,†Not in my name†This is a very powerful statement because as our leader and prime minister, Tony Blair should do as Great Britain wish, but by using this quote, they are saying that this war is not in our name and that he does not have the support of over 80% of the British population to go through and follow Bush’s footsteps to war, he is doing what he wants to do but he is not fulfilling the wishes of Great Britain as a whole and so he is abusing his position and is not doing his job as he should be.Some people oppose the war because they do not want higher taxes, as this is what will happen when the war is over in order in order to afford the money rebuild Iraq. Others just do not agree with the suffering. For example one Iraqi man has lost eleven members of his family. Many children are malnourished and without families. Also, the body of an Iraqi baby was found on a main street and U.S troops give baby Muslims burials. For the few babies born since the wa r began, thousands have been killed. One particular boy called Ali Abbas was at home when a bomb went of very near by, his parents and both of his brothers were killed, he himself was left without arms., Ali has become a bit of an icon of the suffering of Iraqis as he is one of thousands of children who have been injured and/or orphaned.Some disagree because it goes against general convention, the U.N did not want the war, and it goes against the rules of religion. Also they do not think that families should have been destroyed, due to the harm caused by some of the 2,000 lb TNT’s or daisy cutter bombs, which have already killed over 24,000 people.Many people see it to be unnecessary for the U.S to have done some of the things they have, for example, they have bombed radio and TV stations in order to stop bias opinions being broadcast. They believe that the media lies, and that there are many innocent people that have been disabled, injured or even killed, and also that many women and children have been harmed both physically and emotionally, and some even mentally.However many families who have relatives in the war fear that they will become prisoners of war and be tortured on TV as other people and U.S troops have been.Logistical issues are all about tactics, problems, equipment, conditions and planning.Tactics were crucial in this war because in order for the U.S.A and the U.K to be successful, they had to think carefully about how they would overcome any obstacles that they could be faced with. They decided to do the following.They would stay in the deserts of Basra, and when Iraq were still not yet prepared the were going to slowly accelerate towards the centre of Baghdad, the capital city. On their route they would destroy anything that represented Saddam Hussein’s power such as portraits, statues, patches of land, houses or palaces or even his property. Once they are in Baghdad they will attempt to cease Saddam Hussein and his workers, in order to end the reign of Saddam Hussein and his evil ways.Some of the conditions that might cause problems for the troops are 24 hour sandstorms which are also costly for the government who now have to fund for gas masks for each of the troops, these average out at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12 each.Also the extreme heat could cause some annoyance as it is estimated that 10% of troops that will die, will die from some sort of heat related death.There are quite a few problems that may occur for the soldiers. Some of these are listed here. Supplies are a major issue. Important substances such as petrol, food and water take a long time to get to the soldiers as the tanks can only travel 30 miles a day. This is because the lorries behind them cannot drive through soft terrain, therefore the tanks have to build makeshift roads that the lorries can handle, therefore slowing down the tanks and all of the supplies. Supplies can also be slowed down by the narrow roads in Iraq, which are too narrow for the tanks to fit through. This would mean that the tanks would have to turn back and take a different route, therefore delaying the supplies. Also if sand gets in the weapons they will be destroyed and with the sandstorms, this is hard to prevent. Another problem is the Iraqi people, because at the end of this, when they have removed Saddam, if the Iraqi people will not stand up for themselves and join America in their campaign, then all of the money, effort and lives would have been wasted.Their plan was also very important as they had to make sure they had gained the trust of the Iraqi’s as the last attempt to overthrow Saddam, led by George Bush Senior, ended in failure as the U.S backed out of Iraq too early, this led to Saddam Hussein slaughtering and torturing the millions of Iraqi people who stood up against him.The allied forces have a great range of weapons which they will use. These not only consist of riffles and batons, but also of B52 bombers, tanks and many more. However these must not be used in the wrong way, for example one bomb was dropped in a market square in the centre of Baghdad, killing many innocent civilians and injuring even more.The media has played a critical role in this war. They have kept us informed about the war every day. Sky news even cut off all normal news, adverts and programs to make itself a 24 hour news report channel on the war in Iraq. This would have cost Sky a lot of money because they get the majority of their profit from companies and their advertisements, or television producing organisations for their items.When it comes to the newspapers, there have only been two newspapers that have been blatantly against the war on Iraq. They are ‘The mirror’ and ‘The evening standard’. These two newspapers both constantly been writing everything that went wrong ended with innocent deaths or injuries, in order to try to change the opinions of the members of the public who did not oppose th e war.†The sun† has supported the war from the get go. They have, on the contrary of the other two papers, made frequent positive remarks and reports on the war, and have made excuses for any negative stories.Apart from the three newspapers that I have mentioned above , all the other have been very unbiased and seemingly quite honest. Many program timetables have been altered to broadcast as much up-to-date information as frequently as possible. The radio have allocated four different radio stations to broadcast 24hour reports in Arabic, for the first two, and the other two are in English. Finally music channels like MTV have banned all songs and videos that contain anything war related such as Madonna’s song ‘American life’The media reports in Iraq have been minimal as the Americans destroyed the broadcasting building in an attempt to stop biased reports.I believe that this war is wrong because it is not a war of religions, beliefs or truth as we wou ld be led to believe, but a war of politics, and limbs, lives and families should not be hurt, destroyed or lo0st, for politics. What are the logistical difficulties of the coalition action and what was the medias role Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Commedia Del Arte And Shakesperes Much Ado About Nothing

Just about everything in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing can be compared to the form of comedy called â€Å"Commedia dell Arte,† which is a form of comedy that was performed by traveling groups in the 17th century. â€Å"Commedia,† which is also called the Italian Comedy, featured stock characters which later became known as â€Å"masks,† because all the characters wore masks. There were characters like Arlechino, who was the clever clown and there were the young lovers, who must face difficulties before they can be together. The characters in â€Å"Much Ado† fall well into the descriptions of all the stock characters. Even the plot falls into this form of comedy. In â€Å"Much Ado† there are two pairs of young lovers; one set the typical pair and the other, the reluctant lovers. Hero and Claudio, must overcome betrayal and deceit before they come together, much like ‘Inamorata and Inamorato’ from ‘Commedia.† The second set of lovers, Beatrice and Benedict, fall into many stock roles. Both qualify as the second set of lovers, but they seem to be more then that. Beatrice falls into the stock character named ‘Columbina,’ who is not Hero’s servant like in ‘Commedia,’ but she is very close to Hero and is never serious, like Columbina. Benedict, is much like the ‘Arlechino’ character. He is funny, smart, and cunning. He is not a servant like Arlechino, but he is a soldier, who serves his Prince. Hero’s father and his brother can be compared to the ‘Vecchi’ characters, which are the old men of ‘Commedia.’ They are both variations of the ‘Pantalone’ and â€Å"Il Doctore’ characters. Senor Antonio is the dirty old man, ‘Pantalone,’ who is always chasing younger women. And Hero’s father can be compared to the ‘Brighella’ character as well, because he offers advice to the young couple and he is better off then everyone as the ‘Brighella’ character is. There are two other s... Free Essays on Commedia Del Arte And Shakespere's Much Ado About Nothing Free Essays on Commedia Del Arte And Shakespere's Much Ado About Nothing Just about everything in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing can be compared to the form of comedy called â€Å"Commedia dell Arte,† which is a form of comedy that was performed by traveling groups in the 17th century. â€Å"Commedia,† which is also called the Italian Comedy, featured stock characters which later became known as â€Å"masks,† because all the characters wore masks. There were characters like Arlechino, who was the clever clown and there were the young lovers, who must face difficulties before they can be together. The characters in â€Å"Much Ado† fall well into the descriptions of all the stock characters. Even the plot falls into this form of comedy. In â€Å"Much Ado† there are two pairs of young lovers; one set the typical pair and the other, the reluctant lovers. Hero and Claudio, must overcome betrayal and deceit before they come together, much like ‘Inamorata and Inamorato’ from ‘Commedia.† The second set of lovers, Beatrice and Benedict, fall into many stock roles. Both qualify as the second set of lovers, but they seem to be more then that. Beatrice falls into the stock character named ‘Columbina,’ who is not Hero’s servant like in ‘Commedia,’ but she is very close to Hero and is never serious, like Columbina. Benedict, is much like the ‘Arlechino’ character. He is funny, smart, and cunning. He is not a servant like Arlechino, but he is a soldier, who serves his Prince. Hero’s father and his brother can be compared to the ‘Vecchi’ characters, which are the old men of ‘Commedia.’ They are both variations of the ‘Pantalone’ and â€Å"Il Doctore’ characters. Senor Antonio is the dirty old man, ‘Pantalone,’ who is always chasing younger women. And Hero’s father can be compared to the ‘Brighella’ character as well, because he offers advice to the young couple and he is better off then everyone as the ‘Brighella’ character is. There are two other s...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Expressing Obligation in Spanish

Expressing Obligation in Spanish The verb deber and the verb phrase tener que are the two most common ways of expressing obligation in Spanish, to say that someone has to, should, ought or must do something. They are followed by the infinitive form of the verb. A few examples: Tengo que ayudar en las reparaciones. Debo ayudar en las reparaciones. (I have to help with the repairs.)Tiene que comprar y aà ±adir una nueva tarjeta prepagada de tiempo celular. Debe comprar y aà ±adir una nueva tarjeta prepagada de tiempo celular. (You have to buy and add a new prepaid card for cellphone time.)Tenemos que estudiar la historia de Colombia. Debemos estudiar la historia de Colombia. (We should study the history of Colombia.)Tuvo que irse a trabajar. Debià ³ irse a trabajar. (She had to go to work.) As in the above examples, tener que and deber are usually interchangeable. However, tener que usually expresses a stronger sense of obligation than does deber. Note that tener is conjugated irregularly. Deber, however, is conjugated regularly. The phrase no tener ms remedio que is one of the most common ways of expressing extremely strong obligation: No tiene ms remedio que decir la verdad. (He absolutely has to tell the truth.)No me dejas otra alternativa y no tengo ms remedio que aceptar. (You leave me no other choice, and I must accept.) Using Deber for a Weaker Sense of Obligation A weaker sense of obligation can be expressed by using the conditional form of deber. The conditional forms of deber are especially common in questions.  ¿Por quà © deberà ­a comprar un lavaplatos? (Why do I have to buy a dishwasher?)Deberà ­amos salir. (We need to get going.)Los economistas deberà ­an concentrar su atencià ³n en los desempleados. (The economists should focus their attention on the unemployed.) Using Haber De for a Vague Sense of Obligation A vague sense of obligation can also be expressed by use of haber de, although it isnt used in all areas and can sound stuffy. Example: He de estar a dieta, I need to be on a diet. Sometimes the verb necesitar is also used as equivalent of tener que or deber, although it is less common than the corresponding English verb, to need: Necesito obtener certificacià ³n para trabajar. (I need to get certification in order to work.)Necesitas hablar de lo que te preocupa. (You need to talk about whats worrying you.) Note: It is possible that you will hear native speakers substitute deber de for deber when expressing obligation. However, this use of deber is considered substandard by some grammarians and is probably best avoided by those who are learning the language. (The accepted way to use deber de is to express likelihood. Example: Debe de llover en Managua, its probably raining in Managua.)

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Medical research abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical research abroad - Essay Example The last bit of the presentation will conclude about the research conducted. Marriages in most African countries become recognized upon payment of the bride price which has many names in various African settings. In South Africa, it is referred to as labola; in East Africa it is referred to as mahari; in Zimbabwe it is referred to as roora; generally, in African settings, it is referred to as head-money. This payment is normally in the form of cash or other forms, and it is directed towards the family of the lady being married. African women are vulnerable when being used as research specimens as typified by many African constitutions. I will use Nigeria as a case example, maturity is deemed to start when one clocks 18 years. Another way that women can be considered of a mature age is when they have been married. However, as a result of the payment of the bride price, African women are considered as objects that are purchased in marriage. As a result of this, constitutional rights of these women of being regarded mature are taken away from them upon marriage. Therefore, African will be forced to seek approval from their husbands or even family members of their husbands when they want to enroll in clinical research. This is the challenge that is faced in clinical research using African women. The same normally applies for older women who are unmarried. Ion this scenario, the Nigerian constitution and indeed, most African constitutions have placed women under the care of their father or guardian until they are married. However, these rules are not applicable in Europe or in America. Another remarkable finding is that bride price is not paid to black women in the West Indies and the US. Therefore, it is only African black women who become disadvantaged when it comes to this. Solutions to this problem faced by African women have no borne

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Client's Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Client's Brief - Assignment Example In the recent times, the number of civilian arrests that has been made on the lines of substance abuse is increasing. As of the year 2011, the first 6 months of the year witnessed an increase of drug abusers arrest by 20% as compared to that of the previous year. Also, the number of first time drug users has also gone up over the years on a steady basis since the year 2008 (Kirkland, 2011). The charity based organization, The Turning Point, which has its financial funding and support from the local government, provides the female victims of substance abuse the opportunity to recover by making them stay and participate in its indoor program for a period of 6 months. The last 3 months of the abuse removal program enables the respondents to participate in working and studying outdoors. The service offering of the charity comprises of residential rehabilitation programs as well as counselling services to the affected victims. Internal environment – TOWS analysis The TOWS analysis is often used to analyse the competitive position and advantage of the company. It is of considerable importance to mention that the TOWS matrix is a conceptualized framework that helps in a great way in matching the external opportunities and threats with the factors of company or organization specific strengths and weaknesses. Threats Old residents might contact new outdoor residents for selling of drugs. Competition with other organizations in regards to staff availability and volunteers Donor organizations moving to fund other non profit organizations. Opportunities Expanding the charity based organization in to new locations. Increasing awareness among schools and universities in regards to the problems of drug abuse Create union ship with other non profits organization for fund raising activities. Weakness Re-entering of completely healed patients in the world of drug abuse Problem of arranging education and sustainable lifestyle for the cured residents Difficulty in arranging for shelter for the resident females after their exit from Turning Point. Strengths Highly empowered staff and large number of volunteers. Stringent laws to take care and prevent the possibility of running away of residents. Exemption of tax by the corporate of around 2.5 times to the amount donated to Turning Point External environment The external environment comprises of stakeholders, competitors as well as macro and micro based factors of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Stakeholders Talking about the stakeholders associated with the charity based organization, it can be said that in general lines the entire society is the stakeholder. The reason behind making that statement is the fact that The Turning Point is non profit government funded charity and hence the entire society of Singapore is bound to benefit from a drug addict free environment developed by

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Robin Hood Swot Essay Example for Free

Robin Hood Swot Essay 1) Perform a basic SWOT analysis on the situation Robin Hood is in. List the top 3-4 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that Robin Hood faces. Strengths * The more people that join Robin Hood the better to outnumber the Sherriff * His close friends have a good understanding of their duties * Are pretty organized and have a clear goal Weaknesses * Group became too large * Discipline was not in reach once such a large group banded together, many arguments ensued * Became more disorganized as group grew * Less accommodations were available Opportunities * Restoring power to King Richard will solve Robin Hoods issue with the Sheriff * King Richard may recognize Robin Hood abilities and make him his right hand man * Robin Hood could make a name for himself and be in history books due to his accomplishments Threats * Sheriff’s backing was becoming stronger and organized * Sheriff has political connections and influential allies * Sheriff’s men could kill them all 2) Are the various Threats that Robin Hood faces and the Weaknesses he has getting worse or getting better? As the days went on, the threats and weaknesses were mounting against Robin Hood. Since there wasn’t any filtering of persons joining the group, they did not weed out the unscrupulous ones. The group was running out of the necessary supplies to survive and couldn’t contain the madness. When all of this was happening, people started leaving Robin’s group to back the sheriff. His allegiances and organization was very attractive to Robin’s men. 3) The case describes several different options (the Opportunities in your SWOT analysis) that Robin Hood could choose to follow to fix his problems: a. Implement a fixed Transit Tax b. Expand to a larger area within/around the forest c. Kill the Sheriff d. Join the Barons in a plan to free the King Richard. Which ONE of the opportunities described in the case do you think will do the best job of addressing the situation that Robin Hood’s group is in and fixing their long term problems? Why? I would say that the best choice for Robin Hood to fix his problems would be to join the Barons in a plan to free King Richard. I think that Robin Hood could bring his people (the ones that remained) together and build some sort of a structured environment. Once that is completed, they could join forces and free King Richard. In a successful rescue and â€Å"re-throning†, he will be able to address the people’s concerns and bring happiness to all. Maybe then they will not be anymore â€Å"stealing from the rich to give to the poor†.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

A Critique of Henry James Washington Square :: Henry James Washington Square

A Critique of Henry James' Washington Square I will admit it; I did not like Washington Square. That said, when I read the first line to Donald Hall's afterword, I felt like throwing the book away! "Everyone likes Washington Square" (220), HA! Well not me, Mr. Hall. I am not exactly sure why I kept on reading; maybe I was feeling a little masochistic that day! So, behold my surprise when I began to come across some of the author's words that expressed many of the thoughts that I had about the novel and its characters. Luckily, I did not have to read much before some of these ideas came into play. Throughout the "critique," the author addresses not only the work itself, but also how the story came to be. I found it interesting to learn that Henry James had, in reality, only invented the character of Dr. Sloper. The other characters, as well as the novels main plot, had come from a story that James had been told. Considering the absolute realism of the novel, the fact that James had adapted it from reality makes perfect sense. The aspect of this afterword that I found the most intriguing was Hall's critique of Mrs. Penniman. "Morris Townsend is revealed as her fantasy of an oedipal lover" (230). That line really struck me for it seemed to be the first comment that I had read that was unusual and new. Anyone reading the novel could, rather quickly, deduce the general personalities of the characters. The author's observations about Catherine, Dr. Sloper and Morris do not reveal any new character dynamics. But, his ideas about Mrs. Penniman elaborate beyond the usual "annoying and selfish" remarks. Throughout the Afterword, Hall remarks about the moral conflict of the novel. The author states that "The moral force of this novel lies in the paradox of Dr. Slopers' wrong-rightnes" (224). He goes on to explain that the reader has a love-hate relationship with Dr. Sloper. You know that he is right about Morris from the beginning, but it is very difficult to overlook what a horrible and cold man he is. In part, I agree with the author's idea; it is difficult to fully despise a man who is right. But, Dr. Slopers' concerns about Catherine marrying the fortune hunting Morris seem more to be concerns over his money, rather than his daughters well being and happiness.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Important Element in the Story’s Significance Essay

In the two short stories, â€Å"Little Things† by Carver and â€Å"The End of Something† by Hemingway, both authors make the title significant to the story’s message. The title â€Å"Little Things† is somewhat ironic in that the word ‘little’ could refer to the baby or could in fact be calling their argument petty, even though the child that they are fighting over is a major issue. This irony is significant to the story because even though the parents appear passionate about their infant, the argument clearly lies deeper. The title â€Å"The End of Something† could also refer to a number of things. In this story many things are coming to an end. The end of the mill and the town at Horton’s Bay, the end of Nick and Marjorie’s relationship, the end of their fishing trips and the end of their day. Both stories are about the end of relationships however, in â€Å"Little Things† the breakup is angry and violent whereas in â€Å"The End of Something† the breakup is calm and brief. The story â€Å"Little Things† is about the violent breakup of two parents. It is implied that they are married but Carver does not explicitly state this. The opening paragraph describes the weather and the time of day, which reflects the mood of the piece, the darkness of the evening mirroring the dark mood inside the house, â€Å"it was getting dark. But it was getting dark on the inside too. † This shows that although the mood was dark, it was not completely pitch black outside implying that there may still be a slight glimmer of hope for the young couple that is soon introduced. As the fight and the emotions become more reckless and brutal the light begins to fade, showing that all hope is lost. The characters in the story are not named. This gives their predicament a deeper sense of urgency and immediacy. This is used to great effect as when we first meet the man and women, the absence of names throws us directly into the middle of their quarrel. In this piece there is no need to build up the characters with a descriptive foreplay as it is not important to the story, making it more urgent. However in â€Å"The End of Something† we feel more sympathy for the characters as we have learned about them in more detail. From the line â€Å"he was in the bedroom pushing clothes into a suitcase when she came through the door,† we can deduce from the subtext that these people are in some kind of long-term relationship, and the second line of the same paragraph draws attention to the fact that they are having a heated argument. It is extremely common that in short stories a lot of information is insinuated rather than being clearly stated and so the reader must draw a meaning from the subtext. The woman is the first to speak. Carver does not use speech marks at all during the story in order to draw more immediacy to the article. The first line of speech â€Å"I’m glad you’re leaving! I’m glad you’re leaving! Do you hear? † shows that although the woman appears to be angry at her partner and glad that he is moving out it is easily noted that she in fact feels exactly the opposite. This is illustrated by the repetition of the line â€Å"I’m glad you’re leaving† showing that she is trying to reassure herself that she doesn’t need him. This shows irony. The woman continues to barrage the man with slurs, â€Å"son of a bitch†, obviously in an attempt to provoke his attention and convince him to stay. When she states â€Å"you can’t even look me in the face can you? † it is blatantly obvious that the man has had some kind of affair. The woman fails in catching the man’s attention and therefore when she spies the baby’s picture on the bed she takes it, out of spite. The man follows her; turning off the bedroom light as he leaves symbolising the end of their relationship, â€Å"looked around the bedroom before turning off the light. † The baby is also not named showing that although it is the child that they are fighting over, the battle about more and the baby is merely a pawn in their game of spite or revenge. The man states â€Å"I want the baby. † This immediately provokes maternal instincts from the mother who rushes to keep her child. The infant is continuously referred to as ‘the baby’ or ‘this baby’ showing that their child is solely an object that the couple are focusing their anger on. The man’s request for the baby is not because he necessarily wants the child from love but more because he sees it as a prize that he can win over the woman. Gradually their battle becomes more physical and violent as the man tries to take that baby from the woman, â€Å"in the scuffle they knocked down a flowerpot. † The baby senses the tension in the room and starts to cry which adds to the anxiety and desperation in the mood of the text, â€Å"the baby had begun to cry. † Throughout the rest of the story Carver intensifies the atmosphere by using urgent and effective words such as â€Å"screaming,† â€Å"red faced,† â€Å"gripped† and â€Å"hurting†. Nearing the end of the story the light is involved again, â€Å"the kitchen window gave no light,† this line exemplifies that there was no hope left for the couple and the baby. The lines become shorter to add to the fierce battle that the couple is suffering. The man and the woman both grab the child and pull it in different directions in a hope that one will triumph but we do not know the victor. The last line â€Å"in this manner the issue was decided,† leaves us pondering a number of possible out comes. The man or the woman may have succeeded in snatching the infant for themselves or they may have pulled their baby in two. If so the story appears to be a parody of the biblical story ‘The Two Women and Solomon’, in which a man offers to cut a baby in half to settle a quarrel between two woman as to who the mother of the baby is. In this story we are left with an ambiguous end. It is very common in short stories that the resolution of the story is left undecided, again leaving the reader to make their own conclusion from the clues given. The second short story â€Å"The End of Something† is also about the end of a relationship, however it is handled in a calmer and less violent manner. The first paragraph sets the scene of a calm deserted bay, once a busy lumbering town, now reduced to a citizen-free ghost town. The couple, Nick and Marjorie, are rowing through this bay in a calm fashion â€Å"they were trolling along the edge of the channel bank,† but they soon head towards â€Å"dark water† which shows that they are heading towards trouble. They are rowing soundlessly until Marjorie breaks the silence and begins to talk about the old mill on the shore, describing it as â€Å"our old ruin†; this shows that their relationship stretches back a long way. Nick answers unenthusiastically. Marjorie tries to keep up the conversation describing it as a castle, which shows that she sees ‘their’ ruin in a fairy-tale manner. However Nick is still distant which makes Marjorie have to work hard to keep their conversation alive. Marjorie appears to love everything about their fishing trips. She obviously loves Nick very much and is enjoying spending time with him, â€Å"She loved to fish. She loved to fish with Nick. † Clearly Nick is quite qualified at fishing and Marjorie tries to make him feel good by putting him in charge and asking him questions to boost his ego, â€Å"‘They’re feeding,’ Marjorie said. ‘But they won’t strike,’ Nick said. † By this Nick means that he will not strike that night. The couple carries out their actions of fishing with scarce communication and we can tell that something is clearly upsetting Nick as Marjorie is trying to provoke conversation but to no avail. When Marjorie questions Nick â€Å"What’s the matter Nick? † he replies â€Å"I don’t know. † The couple set out a picnic on the beach but we can tell that Nick is merely going through the motions as he says â€Å"I don’t feel like eating† and all it takes is one line from Marjorie and he agrees.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Unit 26

Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production Assignment Brief Television & Film | |Unit 26: Film Studies |Title: Analytical Approaches and Relationships between Films and | | |their Production Context | | |Year: 2013 |Group: Year 12 | |Assignment Handout: |Assignment Deadline: |Assessor: | | / /2013 |Draft Submission: / /2013 |G. Rushworth | | |Final Submission: / /2013 | | |This brief has been approved by: |Date: | |J. MacKay |Jan 13 | Context | | | |This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of how films are created for specific audiences and how they make meaning for those | |audiences through an exploration of industry practices and the application of a range of theoretical approaches. The insights that | |learners develop will inform their future production work. | |Learning Outcomes: |Unit: | |Be able to apply different analytical approaches to films |26. 1 | |Understand the relationship between films and their production contexts |26. 2 | Useful Resources: | |www. imdb. com | |Film website with range of industry and film information | |www. empireonline. co. uk | |Possibly word’s biggest and best film magaizine with huge back catalouge of reviews/features | | | |There is a very large selection of DVDs available in Media Studies.Just ask a Media teacher to take a look. | +-+ |Task 1: Analytical Approaches | |PASS |Using the analytical approaches of genre analysis, content analysis and auteur theory, create a |? |P1 | | |detailed discussion of the gangster genre. | | | | | | | | | |You will look at the film Goodfellas, and extracts from The Godfather, Scarface, American Gangster| | | | |and Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. | | | | |? | | | |Your discussion of the genre may be done as a 1400 word report, or as a fifteen minute Power Point| | | | |presentation with accompanying notes. | | | | | | | | | |In your analysis of the gangster genre you should also consider the following: | | | | | |? | | |Codes and Conventions | | | | |Iconography | | | | |Findings from both your content and textual analysis | | | | |Narrative structure | | | | |Audience Readings |? | |MERIT |In addition: | |M1 | | |Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support| | | | |what is said, but you will not describe these examples to show how they illustrate the point they |? | | | |support. In discussing codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note: | | | | | | | | | |‘The knife is part of the iconography of the horror movie and is often the means by which the | | | | |victim is killed.In 12 of the 15 movies I studied for my content analysis a knife was used for at| | | | |least one of the murders and in five it was used for all of them. The other two common means of | | | | |killing were strangulation with a rope and with the bare hands. Knives have connotations of | | | | |slashing movements and gushing blood. The most famous example of this must be the shower scene in | | | | |Hitchcock’s Psycho. Being knifed to death is particularly frightening because you can see the | | | | |person killing you.It’s not like shooting, which is done at a distance and is a much more | | | | |cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies | | | | |like Scarface. ’ | | | |DISTINCTION |Ideas will be developed and points supported with arguments and well focused examples which are | |D1 | | |elucidated in such a way as to draw out of the example precisely what it is about it that |? | | | |exemplifies the point it illustrates. | | | | |Examples will refer to precisely defined elements or details of the films studied.In discussing | | | | |codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note: | | | | | | | | | |‘The knife is part of the iconography of the horror movie and is often the means by which the | | | | |victim is killed. In 12 of the 15 movies I st udied for my content analysis a knife was used for at| | | | |least one of the murders and in five it was used for all of them. The other two common means of | | | | |killing were strangulation with a rope and with the bare hands.What | | | | |these methods all have in common is that they involve close bodily contact between the victim and | | | | |the killer, | | | | |which makes the murder more frightening, unlike shooting which is done at a distance and is a much| | | | |more | | | | |cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies | | | | |like Scarface | | | | |or war movies like Platoon, where the killing of Elias by Barnes shows how far apart they are | | | | |morally as well | | | | |as physically and Barnes’s act seems even more calculating because it is so careful and | | | | |deliberate. Knives have | | | |developed connotations through intertextuality that are specific to horror movies, such as | | | | |slashing mov ements | | | | |and gushing blood. In the most famous example of this – the shower scene in Hitchcock’s Psycho – | | | | |we never actually see the murderer, but we do see the movement of the knife repeated over and over| | | | |again, and the blood swirling down the shower outlet as though it is just water. ’ | | | Task 2 Relationship Between Films And Their Production Contexts | |PASS |Empire, an established film magazine, wants you to write an illustrative article (800 words) about| |P2 | | |Hollywood’s Goodfellas (1990) and Britain’s Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998). |? | | | |You can use your notes from task 1 to help you. Your article will look at the relationship each | | | | |film has with the production company and the factors that influence that relationship. | | | | | | | | |Your article should discuss the following: | | | | |Stars | | | | |Social issues | | | | |Regulatory bodies | | | | |Financial determinants | | | | |Distribution and Exhibition | | | | |Vertical and horizontal ntegration | | | | |Synergies between different films |? | | | | | | | | |You will ensure your article looks professional. You should add stills from both films, and use | | | | |appropriate font and layout. | | | |MERIT |You will talk about the relationships between production contexts and films, in such a way as to | |M2 | | |show why they are the way they are, or the effects they have on the films that are produced. |? | | | | | | | |Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support| | | | |what is said. | | | | | | | | | |Relevant factual information about production contexts will be offered although it will not be | | | | |used to support developed argument. | | |DISTINCTION |You will talk critically about the relationships between production contexts and films, justifying| |D2 | | |points |? | | | |made with supporting arguments or evidence. | | | | | | | | | |Yo u will draw out of an example precisely what it is about | | | | |it that exemplifies the point it illustrates.Material about production contexts will be well | | | | |researched and will refer to precisely focused elements or details of the film/films studied. | | | | | | | | | |You will provide full and extensive explanations and consistently provide arguments to support | | | | |points made. Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be | | | | |given to support what is said. | | | |Guidance for this Assignment |Task |? |To achieve a PASS grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |P1 |Apply approaches to analysing films with some appropriate use of subject terminology |1 | | |P2 |Describe the relationship between films and their production contexts with some appropriate use of subject |2 | | | |terminology | | | |To achieve a MERIT grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |M1 |Apply approaches to analysing films cohere ntly with reference to detailed illustrative examples and generally|1 | | | |correct use of subject terminology | | | |M2 |Explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with reference to detailed illustrative |2 | | | |examples and generally correct use of subject terminology | | | |To achieve a DISTINCTION grade, the evidence must show that you are able to: | |D1 |Apply approaches to analysing films critically, supporting points with arguments and elucidated examples and |1 | | | |consistently using subject terminology correctly | | | |D2 |Comprehensively explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with elucidated examples|2 | | | |and consistently using subject terminology correctly | | | Tutor’s Feedback | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Referral – What the learner should do: | | | |Tutor’s Signature/Date |IV Signature/Date | | | | |Learner’s Feedback | | | | | | | | | | | |Learner’s Signature/Date | | | ———————– Grading Criteria: Text taken directly from criteria in BTEC guidelines

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Lost in translation - Emphasis

Lost in translation Lost in translation Its amazing how many good ideas are lost in translation not from one language to another, but from the brain to the printed page. One reason could be that its so tempting, when you suddenly find that youre unable to get your idea down on paper effectively, to throw more words at the problem. Yet the solution is often to do quite the opposite, and keep it simple. Take a recent Department of Health guidance document, which should have been issued with its own health warning: The aim of this resource pack is to help organisations promote and implement the use of an HR Leadership Qualities Framework that describes those behaviours which enhance NHS HR capacity and capability to improve the patient experience. Why complicate matters? Try using: This pack will help you promote and introduce an HR leadership qualities framework. In turn, this will help improve the service we give patients. Then theres this example from a recent invitation to tender (specifics changed to protect the guilty): Description/objective of the contract: To provide evidence on the extent to which north west organisations needs for enhanced and modified skills and knowledge among their existing adult employees are being met. This description is not unusually bad. It may even make perfect sense to you. But its extremely unlikely that the author would have described their objective like this if youd asked them to explain it over a cup of coffee. Instead, they might have said something like: We want to discover how far employees of companies in the north west have improved their skills and knowledge. Yet something stopped them using clear, simple language when they started writing. They forgot that their reader is no more likely to enjoy reading dense, turgid documents than they are. Its as if people feel they have to impress others with their language and use of corporate jargon. They ignore the fact that professional people today simply do not have time to decipher poor documents. So you need to be efficient to make sure your message doesnt get lost in a mountain of other documents, letters and emails. Inefficient writing wastes millions of pounds every year and documents are often four or five times longer than they need to be. These documents take much longer to read than they should have to that is, if people read them at all. As a result, your good ideas might go to waste. Here are three tips to help you with your writing: Clarify your key message before you begin, by writing a short three-sentence statement to sum up the issues you want to cover. Plan your document too before you write it. Never use the writing process to work out what you think. You might be clearer when you reach the end of the document, but your reader is more likely to be confused. Instead, separate the thinking process from the writing, and do the thinking first. Dont be afraid to use short, punchy words, and to be less verbose. It doesnt mean that you are dumbing down. Its fine to use jargon as long as youre certain that your reader will understand it. But you can still use plain language between the jargon. Flowery language just makes for heavy reading. Why say, Were currently involved in the implementation of something, when you can just say Were implementing it?

Monday, November 4, 2019

Describing people Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Describing people - Assignment Example Be sure to describe for each one their physical appearance, demeanor and positive or negative image. The New Wife: Marc’s new wife Alice is described as dark-skinned and plump, an earthy blue eyed blond, fragile with wavy hair. She is over-indulgent and exuberant, pleased and happy with her husband and his caring attitude. She is naturally curious about her husband’s ex-wife and asks him about the reasons for the breakup, as anyone would naturally want to know. She is positive but nevertheless curious to know what the ex-wife found lacking in Marc. The Ex-Wife: Marc’s ex-wife is described as the woman in white, with dark smooth, lustrous hair and blue eyes. She appears to be a sophisticate and is hard to please, as Marc has told Alice. Alice might have found her superior for a while but can rest content in the knowledge that she is the one with Marc now, while his ex-wife dines alone. 2. Write an essay describing which of the following statements you think best d escribes the character of Alice, the second wife. Provide the number of your choice and briefly defend it. Use at least one example from the selection to support your ideas: 1. She is a thoughtful person beginning to question the wisdom of her decision. 2. She is a shallow person easily swayed by the opinions of others. 3. She is a happily married person exhibiting natural curiosity. 4. Other - Describe Alice in your own words and then defend your statement. In my opinion, (3) Alice is a happily married person exhibiting natural curiosity. She is quite respectful of her husband and a part of the story has her looking him over and wondering what made his first wife leave him†¦ â€Å"She was looking with furtive attention at her husband's face, with its good color and regular shape, at his thick hair with its occasional thread of white silk, at his small, well-cared-for hands. She felt dubious for the first time, and asked herself: "What more did she want, then?" (Colette, 1) an d â€Å"She showed overwhelming gratitude to her husband. She was immodest without knowing it and her entire person revealed over-conspicuous signs of extreme happiness.†(Colette,1). It is human nature to be curious about her spouse’s ex-wife and why they divorced and following her husband’s explanation, this makes Alice wonder why the ex-wife- ‘the woman in white’ -was so hard to please. Nevertheless, Alice would have been pleased to see that she was dining alone, as it would validate her husband’s statement. 3. List three experiences that Sasaki relates in her anecdote. After each experience, describe her reactions to the experience. Then, describe the point you think Sasaki is trying to make by relating this anecdote. One experience that Sasaki relates in ‘Another Writer’s Beginnings’ is that her sister was not as overly concerned with outward appearances as she was. In contrast, Sasaki considered herself an ugly specim en of humanity right from the very beginning. She measures her beauty according to her suitability to being a Mousketeer at age five, while her sister who is three years older than her was realistic enough to know that it is hard for a Japanese to look like a Mouseketeer anyway (Sasaki,1). Secondly, Sasaki is hugely disappointed by her school picture taken at 5 years old and even her mother who was normally a positivist let out a sigh of disdain after viewing the picture. Even she could not find any words of encouragement (Sasaki, 1). Thirdly, at times Sasaki even wished that she could be like her friend Marilyn who was cute and looked as good as Shirley Temple in pictures. She thought at least that would comfort her parents and spare them the embarrassment of having such an

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Describe the elements of the communication process and explain the Term Paper

Describe the elements of the communication process and explain the process of interpersonal communication. Discuss the Barriers - Term Paper Example As a sender, he can talk directly to the employees, or send an email requesting to have a meeting with them on a particular date. In this case, the perception of the receiver on the message sent influences the manner in which communication is interpreted, received and responded to. For that reason, the sender should be fully aware of the purpose of the communication and the receiver’s aptitude to decode and comprehend the message as far as interest and language is concerned (Hesse par 2). The Message Messages take various forms and can include signs, symbols or words. To avoid distortion, the sender must ensure that the message is simple and clear. Moreover, the receiver should take care of the body language such as facial expression if the message is to be communicated verbally. Finally, the sender must consider the abilities and the competence of the receiver, when creating a message, to reduce barriers that might hinder effective communication (Priya 5-6). For example, a ma nager who needs information from an employee on how to increase profits and heighten employee retention must ensure that he or she communicates in a language that the worker understands. Additionally, he must make sure that the employee is competent enough in that area; hence, the ideas given are credible enough to be taken into consideration. The Channel Priya (5) assert that the channels of communication play an imperative role in communication; hence, senders should select an appropriate channel or medium of communication to ensure that the message is not distorted. Examples of channels of communication are e-mail, phones, radio, television and internet among others. If an advertiser decides to place an advert in the radio or television, for instance, he should consider the audience or the people who will listen or see the advert. In that case, he must ensure that the intended people get to listen to the advert, and that the right language is used to avoid misinterpretation. It i s essential for businesses to choose when and how they will send their messages. A building society can, for example, only send messages about a new product to their members by email or text if that is the agreed channel of communication. It should be understood that sending of messages through the internet to persons who cannot receive an email results to miscommunication. Receiver The receiver or the decoder is the person who is responsible for decoding or extracting the meaning from the message conveyed. He or she ensures that a feedback is sent to the sender, and his work is mainly to interpret the message. In that case, for the message to be effectively understood and right feedback given, the receiver should be able to read and understand what has been written down. If not, this may lead to distortion of the message by the decoder, and an equally wrong feedback (Priya 5-6). Feedback Feedback is the most vital element in the communication process as it helps in determining whet her the receiver grasped the intended meaning. Without a feedback, the communication process remains incomplete. For instance, when one sends a short message through the phone to a friend and fails to get a feedback, it is likely that the intended recipient did not get the message, or did not understand it. In that case, the language used is imperative and both parties should communicate in a

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Criminal Justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Criminal Justice - Assignment Example Another principle is that of unanimous consensus, which relates to the event that jurists come to terms with the rulings make public by a judge. For this case, they all consider the ruling as fair and one that bases on their constitution. Such a principle is called Ijima in the Arabic language and faces heated debate from contemporary scholars. Another principle is that of analogy, which means using reasoning and logic in relation to an established law, but in response to a new situation. An example of such is the fact that the law prohibits Muslims from drinking alcohol, which may apply to other forms of alcoholic drinks such as wine and whiskey. The same law also applies urf, which means customs, for which the jurists attach value to the preservation of customs known to the majority of the people. The jurists will, therefore, make their rulings basing on methods that will exalt the traditions of the religion as well as the cultures of the people. The rulings made also depend on the principle of individual reasoning, which gives the judges a chance of making decisions out of their reasoning. The chapter discusses the international criminal court that has its headquarters in The Hague. The court is a formulation of the Rome statute and deals with cases of crimes committed against humanity. The court is one of the few existent institutions that ensure that there is an observation of human rights by laying pressure on the leaders around the world to observe the respect for many. For instance, the court’s foundation was one of the efforts that the world made towards ending of the Second World War as well as the activities of mass killing of people. (Schmalleger 34). The development of cybercrime is one of the advancements in technology that have made crime a modernized activity. For instance, there are many types of such crimes, which range from fraud to terrorism and other types of criminal activities.  

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Association of Islam with violence in the West Term Paper

Association of Islam with violence in the West - Term Paper Example Previously preaching from Mecca, where he faced persecution, he fled with his followers to Medina. It is in this city that religious conflicts between Muslims and Christians began (Juergensmeyer 13). He fought with the Jews and conquered them. He succeeded in uniting the tribes of Arabia but finally died at the age of 62 in the year 632. After his death, succession disputes broke giving rise to schism in Islam which culminated to the formation of the two Islamic groups. The Islamic religion expanded both by virtual of conquest and peaceful means. Trade was a major expansion tool. Muslims invaded Sub-Saharan West Africa and China for trade and virtually dominated the export-import industry and with it, came the spread of Islam. Its unique cultural style began to diversify and with it people converted to the religion. The ultimate result is the association of Islam with eminent violence (Juergensmeyer 13). Study findings and discussions Argued from all sides and delinking the fact from ones religion, the assertion that Islam religion is violent is partly true and partly false. There is no clear consensus on the nature of Islam religion. Although violence is prevalent in almost the whole world involving many religions like Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism, the world associates Islamic religion with violence more than any other religion. Historical events like conquering of Spain by Muslims, Christian crusades started by Christians and the Ottoman domination of Eastern Europe showcase Islamic relation to force and power. Recent violent movements in the Middle East which are advanced in the name of Islam and efforts to resolve conflicts and conditions created by the West in trying to force Western ideas in the Muslim have merely served to reinforce the view that Islam is a violent religion (Wilkinson 20). It is evident that though Westerners have created this notion historically, Islam has had no more conflicts than any other western civilization. Violence by all means takes different forms and definitions based on the prevailing situation and environment. According to Islam, force is to be found everywhere in humans and the environment. Violence in Islamic teachings is only used in accordance with the divine law. Use of force can only be applied if equilibrium is to be maintained. Restoration of a broken equilibrium is accepted as a necessary means of maintaining a just system. Excessive use of force creates a disequilibrium and disorder resulting to more injustice. In fact, excessive use of force depends on circumstances but with the aim of establishing equilibrium and not to fulfill individuals’ interests or for sectarian reasons (Rapoport 659). Although Islam has endured a lot of invasions and attacks, peace is still felt in areas where traditional Islamic teachings are maintained. Islam is opposed to the use of force on the basis of inflicting injuries except in war and executing punishments according to the Sharia law. Islamic law protects the rights of both Muslims and non-Muslims and is opposed to the use of force against other people’s rights. If the violation of people’s rights occurs then that is against the Islamic teachings. Regardless of the various negative economic, social and sectarian factors

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Divakarunis Narrative Techniques

Divakarunis Narrative Techniques Narrative is a telling of some invented and true events or linked series of events, described by a narrator (even though may be more than one of each). Narratives are to be identified from descriptions of situation, state, or qualities, and also from theatrical performance of events even if a theatrical work may also comprise narrative speeches. A narrative will reside on a set of actions recounted in a procedure of discourse or narration, in which the events are arranged and selected in a particular order as a plot. As Abbott defined it, Narrative is the representation of events, consisting of story and narrative discourse, story is an event or sequence of events (the action), and narrative discourse is those events as represented1. The category of narratives contains both the shortest descriptions of events and the longest biographical or historical works plus travelogues, diaries in addition to short stories, ballads, novels, epics, and other fictional forms. In the study of ficti on, it is normal to divide the short stories and novels into third person narratives and first person narratives. Thus, Rather than focusing on general, abstract situations or trends, stories are accounts of what happened to particular people and of what it was like for them to experience what happened in particular circumstances and with specific consequence. Narrative, in other words, is a basic human strategy for coming to terms with time, process, and change a strategy that contrasts with, but is in no way inferior to, scientific modes of explanation that characterize phenomena as instances of general covering laws. 2 As an adjective, narrative stands for characterized by or concerning to storytelling. Therefore, narrative technique is the way of telling stories, and narrative poetry is the group of poems including verse romances, ballads, and epic that tells stories, as different from lyric and dramatic poetry. But, to be categorized as a narrative, an event sequence must therefore involve some kind of noteworthy disruption of an initial state of equilibrium by an unanticipated and often untoward event or chain of events 3. Factually speaking, narrative is a story and it can be expressed all the way through poetry, pictures, speech, songs, non-fiction, and fiction as well. When in the writing form, its telling is demoted to a special person; it becomes a method used by that person. This person who is assigned the task of narration is the narrator and his observant serves as a figure or gem through which ideas are passed on to the readers. Narrative technique is very much an artistic venture. Thus, The narrative is about conflict. The narrative is about the temporality of existence. The narrative is about problem solving. The narrative is about human experience. The narrative is about interpersonal relations. A narrator holds the present, detains past and gets ready the reader for future. Usually, these techniques are explained by the points of view in the novel. There are three points to present a narrative: the narrator takes part in the action and also comments on the incidents, third person viewpoint when the narrator narrates the story in an objective way, and omniscient viewpoint where the narrator is like God and can also make his existence felt with authorial interruptions. A narrator has a surfeit of options to describe events. He can base his narrative on causality and temporality or he can narrate all the way through vocalization. Vocalization alters the path of the narrative as the reader gets images of character by the impression of the narrator. It employs three dimensional approach: one who sees, his understanding of events, and the voice of one who narrates. An exceptional feature of prose fiction uses narration and explanation as the manners of the story presented. By applying the device of narration, a prose fiction writer tells her tales by assembling actions in her tine sequence. This method of narration may turn the story understandable and bring it lively to the readers imagination. On the other hand, the explanation of the prose can be both psychological and physical so that it brings feelings and scene to the thoughts of the readers. As a result, through the description and the narration used, the readers of a prose fiction will be competent to understand the story well. Moreover, according to Abrams, the novel is also defined as an extended narrative covering a wide range of characters and experience (1958). Furthermore, the novel opens up wider possibilities for the direct communication of experiences as there is the more private relationship between reader and writer (Shipley, 1962). So, both the writer and the reader can share the everyday experience, because most novels concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves (Peck and Coley, 1984). This chapter seeks to provide an accessible introduction to key ideas about narrative technique with the special reference of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and an overview of the major approaches to narrative inquiry. It will also register multiple perspectives on the study of Divakarunis novels. It will furnish a synoptic account of this area of investigation. So, narrative technique is an approach in which stories can be viewed as supporting many communicative and cognitive activities. Divakaruni writes about the real mirror image of cultural evils or problems. Besides, she also reflects herself as an immigrant in the U.S.A. She is an Indian immigrant who group up in America; it makes her a specialist in blending two cultures, both Indian and American. The major hypothesis behind the study is that narrative discourse or dialogue is created out of the interaction of the cultural reunions as they are coded in readers activity and the languages in discussing the meanings generated by the text. The helpful method is not personal in that it does not depend on the personal feelings of reader and writer; nor impersonal in that human are being essentially involved. The present study focuses on this inter-subjective sphere continued with a whole set of narrative actions that are of great implication in the fiction writers craft. It is believed that the texts by women writers reproduce an extensive range of specific appropriation of the style and language they use on a daily basis and that the feminist novel completes its picture of the world as it is seen by women. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar in The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination (1979) have traced out that there are assiduous images in womens writings which points out that women writers try to express their restrictions and their confinement, by they cannot express their themes and images in their usual language; for that reason their language is a double-voiced discourse. Therefore, a portrayal of the double-voiced discussion will always be a multifaceted and miscellaneous undertaking because the feminist critic almost contradictory must make an effort to look for meaning there. The hunt for specifically female images and themes is a frequently critic work out. Myth criticism has also proved to b e rewarding for a study of womens fiction, and more studies depend on structuralism and deconstructive process. Writers use different styles and techniques in order to explain their experiences or practices. As Jasbir Jain remarks while discussing this in her article Gender and Narrative Strategy: Women writers while evolving narrative strategies are faced with double problem: how to step out of the frame-work defined by men and patriarchal values; and how to identify and create a tradition of their own.4 Women writers are faced with a dual mind state when writing out their stories the fact is that they are the writers who are writing about unique feeling and experiences dissimilar from that of ordinary men, as well as the reality that they are women. When they seek to do well in their writing, they have to increase above their feeling of gender unfairness or inequality. This is more appropriate for a feminist writer who tries to give air to the strong feelings of fury and bigotry against the oppression and injustice of women she sees around her. In order to make such observations genuinely the woman writer resorts to a variety of narrative strategies. Jasbir Jain continues, When the experience which is being narrated moves against the current, is unconventional or unusual, is radical in its standpoint, or display a strength which may be best muted for the time being, strategy is resorted to. There is no hesitation in laying a false trail or employing subterfuge. Moreover, it is never the same, for them it would become a theory. It may be imaged, or landscape, or scriptural references, or characters, or subplot, or structure which is being used for this purpose and waiting to be decoded. 5 Thus, the women writers use lots of techniques in order to build spaces for themselves at different levels. How far they are at variance from the writing of men is a question that is not easy to answer. But Jasbir Jain further says that, It is not a difference of form one cannot say that men write about external facts and women about internal life; one cannot also say that men write about thickly inhabited worlds and women do write about the responses of women of the shadows which they alone can see and the anguish they alone can feel. It is a difference of perspective. 6 Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has struggled with contemporary subjects and a range of themes- marginalization, marriage, motherhood, conflicts, mothering, class, individuation, woman as mother, wife, sister and lastly yet considerable woman as a human being not just as a second sex or sex object. She seeks cynical about customs and tradition, yet she finds out in their heritage the keys for the longings and needs of women in current time. She is modernist writer since her writing highlights the idea of the trivial woman with an endocentric set up, widespread in the non first world and the first world. In her works, insights take preference over the compulsion of technique. She recognizes the paradoxes in a given area and also pays an ideological, cultural, philosophical, artistic struggle. In this sense, the author hypothesizes the sign of modernism, ego, freedom, love, sex as challenging through her modern emotional responses. Divakaruni writes a lot of narration speakers to have A clear window in the characters, which is shown by the narration of Indian culture value voices as an Indian person in the adopted land, who engages in the cultural conflicts. Like Charles said in the San Jose Mercury news, Divakarunis narrative in Vine of Desire is as gracefully structured as a piece of chamber music, with its interplay of themes and voices, ensemble and solo, working their way toward a final resolving chord. If you find yourself counting the pages left in the book, its likely to be because you wish there were many, many more. 7 A clear window seems to be like the tools of communication between the reader and the writer. Another quality which makes Divakaruni becomes one of the best writers is she offers her readers a window into the multicultural world of her characters. She said, I have no particular reader in my mind but a passionate desire to tell an honest moving story. She adds, If it is good literature, I know as all sensitive writers know, the reader and the writer will connect8. In The Vine of Desire (2002), Divakaruni writes about the mirror image of Indian immigrant in the U.S.A., which is in contrast with the culture of the adopted land. Here in this novel through Sudha and Anju, she exemplifies a contrasting perspective between the unselfishness required of women in India and the occasional freedom offered in their adopted land. The portrayal of the characters outer and inner worlds bring a rich emotional to the story about two women who learn to build peace with the complicated choices which circumstances forced upon them. There are some other novels also with this same concept such as Mistress of Spices (1997) and Queen of Dream (2004), where the protagonist gone through the sense of rootlessness. Divakarunis originality and talent lie in her technique of narration. She has used various techniques in writing such as alternative narrative, first and third person narrative, stream of consciousness, letter and diary writing, myth and magic realism particularly to express disordered and tragic condition of Indian immigrants while establishing themselves to the new civilization. As magic and myth have been a perpetual source of themes for literary writers all over the world since times immemorial. Therefore, magic realism is an artistic genre or style of fiction in which magical essentials combines with the real world. In this technique the story explains these magical elements as real episodes presented in a direct way places fantastic and the real in the similar stream of thought, it is originated in the German art criticism of painting of Weimer Republic and invented by Franz Roh. Hypothetically, the term was born in the twentieth century linking it to post modernism and for this reason it is used in modern fiction to blend fantastic and fabulous events in a narrative to uphold reliable tone of objective genuine report. It ascribes a novel the characteristics like fable, folktale, legend, myth, fantasy, romance, dream, meta narration, mysticism, especially related to the culture. In Brenda Coopers words, Magical realism attempts to capture reality by way of a depiction of lifes many dimensions, seen and unseen, visible and invisible, rational and the process, such writers walk a political tightrope between capturing this reality and providing precisely the exotic escape by some of their western readership. 9 Divakarunis magical realism is to bridge the gap between present and past state of affairs and its prolific entreaty for Indian immigrants who suffers from miscellaneous kinds of tensions is actually a phenomenon. She successfully used magic realism in her first novel, The Mistress of Spices (1997). She reveals characteristics like self-presentation, visions, eclecticism, mythology, folktales, discontinuity, saying, multiplicity, fables, Bengali culture and tradition to assert appropriating her identity all over the world. The central character in the present novel Tilo has a magic power that becomes the owner of spice shop where she is a master of all spices and speaks to them as characters to resolve the troubles of people in the real world with the assist of magic. She creatively applied magic on Indian immigrants particularly to impart them their heart desires and to overcome their suffering. Spices, legends and myth are beautifully put together by her for the relaxation of people and their psychological, mental, physical problems. So, In order to portray magic realism Divakaruni formed such a character like Tilo who is born in India. She defeats the pirate captain to become a pirate queen and after that she lives on the spice island where she is educated in the art of controlling and listening to the spices. This remote island is a place of protection for these women, who call themselves the Mistresses of Spices and are beneath the concern of the First Mother, the wisest and the eldest teacher. After received skills of the art, she is sent to Oakland, California, to a small Indian spice shop Spice Bazaar where she must begin her tasks of curing the masses. The first rule is that to survive a life of bachelor and never to yield carnal desires; secondly not to leave her place; thirdly, if she doesnt pursue these rules, there is no outcome of spices on people. So, she is warned by her mother not to fall in love with anyone. She should be a virtuous, sincere, and pure while applying the magic of spices and otherwi se she will lose her power over all spices. Old One says, But let me ask you certain you wish to become mistress? It is not to let to choose an easier life. Are you ready to give up your Young body, to take and age and ugliness and unending service? Ready never to step out of the places where you are set down, store or school or healing house? Are you ready never to love any but the spices again? 10 As per as the above illustration in concerned we can understand that spices play a very important role in the novel. India is the land of various spices as Chilly, Sesame, Turmeric, Cinnamon, Asafetida, Tulsi, Fenugreek, Brahmi, etc.; for Tilo these are nothing but characters similar to other human beings who speak to her. Thus, here the use of legendary stories juxtaposing with spices relates to different cultural stories. The author strikes a fragile balance between fantasy and realism in her other novels also. In all her books like Sister of My Heart (1999), Queen of Dream (2004), and Palace of Illusion (2008) there is a mixture of fantasy and realism. Sister of My Heart has numerous reference of Bidhata Purush, whom the mother visits frequently to get knowledge about the future. The old tales say this also: In the wake of Bidhata Purush come the demons, for this is the worlds nature, good and evil mingled. That is why they leave an oil lamp burning11. The incident of fathers death in the caves of Sunderban, where a million rubies grew up and the caves protected by demons are all essentials of fantasy. All these are elements of fantasy which are intermingled with the story. But they are very well appended in the text. Even in Queen of Dreams also Rakhis mother can forecast peoples future with her dreams and assist them to get out of the nastiest situations. While describing the common experiences of the Indian diasporic society, Queen of Dreams creates an Indian-American experience with magic realism. The narrative of this novel presents the connection between the subconscious and wakefulness. The author has whirled a delightful story of a second generation immigrant Rakhi who is trying to discover her identity, with her dream-interpreting mother contributing to the mystery and magic. Her mother Mrs. Gupta interprets dreams the other peoples lives depend on her, used to warn them and aid them because of her, a dream is a telegram from the hidden world12. The essence of the whole novel rests on the words of Mrs. Gupta as she explains the dream and construes the meaning of it. Thus, this novel portrays an amusing typical tale of self-discovery which is full of supernatural elements, mystery, suspense, and real experiences of an immigrant. In this novel, Mrs. Guptas profound past and her secret working of the present is brought to light through her dream journals posthumously. Her dream journals are only her longing memories of her past life in the caves with the elder which actually ascertains her cultural identity. In her journal she describes herself as an essential part of the group. The author used the first person singular narrative to describe her inner feeling, The dream comes heralding joy. I welcome the dream The dream comes heralding sorrow. I welcome the dream. The dream is a mirror showing me my beauty. I bless the dream. My life is nothing but a dream. From which I will wake into death, Which is nothing but a dream of life. 13 Divakaruni is stylistically different; she uses the combination of first person and third person narrative joined with flashback devices to provide realism and force in the novel. The writer used the flashback in time using a type of methods such as retelling of memories and dream sequences. Flashback breaks in a narratives linear time flow. She deals with the heroines self-analysis and also tries to include several other themes. To gain the interest of the reader, sometime she evades the simple technique of straight forward narration and takes up the flashback method. Divakarunis novels begin in the present but for a while move back and onward in time. As we know how much important characters are in a story and Chitra Banerjee usually portrays women characters as a protagonist. Her story focuses on the life of a woman specially an immigrant. Through them she tries to depict their inner feeling and experiences. Though we know the characters and their dialogues play a very important r ole to narrate a story. Characters can be approached from a lot of theoretical points of view, each yielding a different theory and conception of the characters. In widest sense, Character designates any entity, individual or collective normally human or human-like introduced in a work of narrative fiction. Characters thus exist within storyworlds, and play a role, no matter how minor, in one more of the states of affairs or events told about in the narrative. Character can be succinctly defined as storyworld participant.14 Not only the characters but their dialogues also play an important role regarding to the narrative technique. On behalf of the voices of characters in a story is an effectual way of stimulating a narrative. An essential aspect of how we memorize and grow close to fictional characters is the way they speak. Chitra Banerjee tries to take her readers into the mind of the protagonist who put some light on her condition and all loose strings are tied at the end. The first person narration also permits the author to investigate deep into the mind of the protagonist, exposing her frustrations and fear. First-person narration is a style where a tale is narrated by one character at a time, talking for and about them. First-person narrative may be plural, singular or several as well as being a reliable, authoritative or illusory voice. This allows the audience or reader to see the point of view including thoughts, feeling, and opinions only of the narrator. Divakaruni, in the Authors note, say s that, I was left unsatisfied by the portrayals of the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.they remain shadowy figures, their thoughts and motives mysterious, their emotions portrayed only when they affected the lives of the male heroes, their roles ultimately subservient to those of their fathers or husband, brothers and sons. If I ever wrote a bookà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I would place the women in the forefront of the action. I would uncover the story that lay invisible between the lines of the mens exploits. 15 Draupadi, in Divakarunis The Palaces of Illusions (2008), voyages from being a woman frequently made the issue of narration by patriarchal narratives of becoming a woman who personally narrates itself, in the process, conquering the narratives that have created her womanhood through the countries. By becoming both the agent of the action and narrator, Draupadi picked up the voice of womanhood. This novel generates an impression that among all accounts of the Draupadis story, this one is the most genuine because Draupadi herself enacts and narrates the story of her life apparently without an authorial interruption. Draupadi wants to liberally sing the song of her own life which is multivalent, colourful, and complex. She says, Id played a crucial role in bringing them to their destiny. Id shared their hardship in Khandav. Id helped them design this unique palace which so many longed to see. If they were pearls, I was the gold wire on which they were strung. Alone, they would have scattered, each to his dusty corner.16 Hence, the life of Draupadi, a renowned woman character of ancient India, comes in close proximity to the modern times. It is the energy and fire in Draupadi plus the strength to fight for discrimination. Her multifaceted quality makes her the most majestic and mysterious women for all ages. The novel begins with her fanatical interest of life. Once she said, Through the long, lonely years of childhood, when my fathers place seemed to tighten its grip around me until I couldnt breathe, I would go to my nurse and ask for a story. And though she knew many wondrous and edifying tales, the one I made her tell me over and over was the story of my birth. I think I liked it so much because it made me feel special, and in those days there was little else in my life that did. 17 Such manifold narration of her own lifes story offers Draupadi with a critical insight into her story. She not only acts in response to the events narrated but also critical views other peoples responses to the actions or events of her life. As a result, Divakaruni used this technique very well by narrating the story of her protagonists through their own words. We can usually find a first person narrative in her works where the protagonist tells us about her own life, inner feeling, experiences, etc. The author has created wonderful female characters. She always gave focus on her female figures like Anju, Sudha, Tilo, Rakhi, Mrs. Gupta, and so on. Even in her novel The Mistress of Spices, Chitra Banerjee quotes by her heroine about who is she and what her significance as a mistress of spices in the opening of her novel. She narrates such as, I am a mistress of spices. I can work the others too. Mineral, metal, earth and sand and stone. The gems with their cold clear light. The liquids that burn their hues into your eyes till you see nothing else. I learned them all on the island. But the spices are my loveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.In a whisper they yield up to me their hidden properties, their magic powers. 18 Thus, her novels are usually written in first person and thoroughly hold the reader. The chapters in Divakarunis novels are named after the central characters. In Sister of My Heart and Vine of Desire the chapters are alternatively named after Anju and Sudha. This is a very exclusive pattern of writing which evidently brings out the internal feelings of the protagonists. Even in Queen of Dreams the chapters are separated between the Form the Dream journals-the diary of Rakhis mother and Rakhi. The journals are read by Rakhi and her father. These dream journals are the disclosure of Ms. Guptas life as a dream teller. Further in her novel Mistress of Spices she has chosen yet another different way. She has named the chapters of the novel on the names of spices. It is written with a fusion of poetry and prose. This book is very spiritual in its features and as Divakaruni says, I wrote in a spirit of play, collapsing the divisions between the realistic world of twentieth century America and the timeless one of myth and magic in my attempt to create a modern fable19. Except all this she also used techniques of letter, diary, and storytelling to enrich her work and make it interesting for the readers. It is noticed that Chitra Banerjee makes a careful use of satire, irony or yet humour, which are the features of remarkable works of art. Blazes of irony are apparent in one or two episodes in a couple of novels but they do not seem to be integrated deliberately by the writers. The ironical circumstances in the lives of the protagonists are scattered here and there in approximately all her novels. In Divakarunis novels satire is more apparent. Her female protagonists who are trying to understand their country of acceptance face ironical situation. In Sister of Heart Sudha comes to America with the purpose that she would be having an innate capacity to bring up her daughter Dayita better life but she has no idea that this would mess up her bond with her sister of heart Anju. Further, In Queen of Dreams the main protagonist Rakhi and her friends are second age group Indians, they think that America is the only country that they fit in. But their individuality is also questioned during the attacks of September 11. Irony is enormously well-known in the works of Divakaruni. The writer makes use of myths to improve the imaginative consequence of the novel. Indian writers in English have derived encouragement from the wealth of matter available in the appearance of stories from the Mahabharata, the Ramanaya, and the Puranas plus local folklore and legends. The most regularly used fig ures from Indian legends is of course Sita, who is well thought-out as the model woman. In Divakarunis novels, there are no straightforward allegories made but one can depict equivalent with the mythological and legendary women in her works. In Sister of my Heart Sunils father enjoys by proclaiming offensive passages about women from the Hindu scriptures. In India her protagonists are anticipated to go behind the footsteps of the legendary women figures. Divakarunis latest novel Palace of Illusions is also predicated on the mythological figure Draupadi. In this novel Divakaruni has illustrated The Mahabharata from Draupadis point of view. Amusingly, even though education and the power of the feminist movement, many prejudices opposite of women still persevere. For the contemporary human being, the past becomes obsolete or if it subsists, it no longer exhibits itself as it was. For this reason, the past must be defined again according to the understanding of each human being. Chtira Banerjee endeavors to come to stipulations with the past in the Ecoian way: The past since it cannot really be destroyedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦must be revisited; but with irony, not innocently. (Umberto Eco p, 67) Thus, the novelist cross-examines the practice of mind emblazoned by the past. It is quite clear here that the protagonists of the novelist like Tilo, Sudha, Anju, Panchali, Rakhi all get free of modesty or humility so as to act in agreement with their inner voice. They are all in fact directed by the spirit while with an ironic equilibrium between faith and disbelief. To them, unfathomable feeling comes out as a later day psychology where Moksha is classified again in relation to the discovery of the Atman (here self, not soul) and the real magic is marked by a novel the sense of lifes path. Chitra Banerjee has nothing to do with the reality that life is not a sequence of show lamps. By the primary use of HOPE chiefly in the conclusion of her novels to pass on a wider human point of view i.e. life is totally changeable and has to be lived through hope as Frye suggests: Irony presents a human conflict which unlike a comedy, a romance or even a tragedy, is unsatisfactory and incomplete unless we see in it significance beyond itself. Something, typical of the human situation as a whole. 20 Divakaruni is a talented writer who uses sensual language to make the novel exciting, besides she is also dramatic and lyrical imaginative writer.